Black holes and White holes (2020) Ultimate guide
Black holes
Black holes are one of the stranger things in existence and also the most mysterious. A Black hole is a regional space, where the force of gravity is so strong not even the light can escape from the Black hole.
The boundary of a Black hole is called the Event horizon a point of no return on which we can truly not see. When an object or human crosses the Event horizon it collapses into the Black hole’s Singularity as all masses collapse to an infinitely dense point where space-time and laws of Physics no longer apply, Scientist have theorized several different types of Black holes such as stellar Black holes and Supermassive Black holes being a most common.
Stellar Black holes were formed when a massive Star die and collapse. There could be millions of Stellar Black holes in our Milky Way. Supermassive black holes are very large as compared to stellar black holes, measuring millions, even billions of times, more massive than our sun.
How are Black holes form?
A Black hole is formed when the core of a star collapse and the Star explodes. Therefore, we can say that a Black hole is formed when a star dies. When a massive star reaches the end of its life its core starts running out of fuel the core is no longer able to hold the star back resulting in its collapse. this gives birth to a Black hole.
The explosion releases an enormous amount of energy, even more than our Sun can produce in its entire lifetime.
What will happen to us if we fall into a Black hole?
As we know the black holes make a very deep Curve in Gravitational fabric i.e. the higher the mass of the black hole, the deeper this curvature means that if we jump into a giant massive black hole, then we have more time to reach its Singularity.
When we are falling into the black hole, it will be instant for us but if someone is observing us from outside the black hole, then he will see us falling very slowly in the black hole And when we get closer to the event horizon, the light coming from us will see it red and then disappear completely.
This will happen because the gravity bend the Space-Time and the gravity of the black holes is so high that bend the space-Time too much this is known as Time dilation. That’s why, when we are falling into the black hole, time will be very slow for us.
. Let’s understand how our journey will be from our point of view.
We will see that the distortion of light is increasing by a black hole, as we move closer to it our maximum field of view will convert into darkness then a point where half of our field of view will become dark, and then We will be in a place called “The Photon Sphere” This is an area where “light is neither going inside the black hole nor outside” in fact here the light is revolving around the black hole. If we stop at this point and look behind then, we will see the part behind our head because here the light reflecting from the back part of our head will revolve around the whole black hole and come towards us.
Now when we go ahead, there will be complete darkness in front of us, but looking back, we will see the light coming from the Universe.
Now as we get closer to the Singularity, our problems will increase because now in a short distance, there will be a lot of difference in gravity.
The part of our body which will be closer to the Singularity face much higher Gravitational force by the Black hole at that moment the part Which is far from Singularity will face much less Gravitational force. This means that the Gravitational force on our legs will be so much than the force on our head because of this our body will be stretched too much and become a “Spaghetti”. It is also called Spaghettification.
No one knows what will happen next did you know if no then read.
Our body may be separated by atom to atom due to gravity or it may happen that after this we can leave in another Universe through the white holes where the laws of Physics from our law be different because when black holes can exist, then there will be white holes as well and this is also mathematically proven by Einstein.
What will happen if two Black holes collide?
A black hole is a concept on which research has been going on for centuries. This massive giant, which is not visible in space, has the power to swallow everything around it.
We know that the black hole is like a cosmic vacuum cleaner in Space but the only difference is that it is more complex than a cosmic cleaner.
In space a Black hole is also known as the region whose gravitational field is so strong, not even the radiation or light can escape from this region.
The boundary of a Black hole carries with them the point of no return, which we also call “The Event horizon”. Anything that goes inside the Event horizon will never return.
If we consider the possibility of two Black holes colliding, we find that it will not be less than any Space Earthquake. The different myths of scientists come across this idea.
Did you know-how Scientists understood the impact of the Black hole’s collision? if no then read.
Scientists have understood the impact of the black hole’s collision through “Ligo” which stands for “laser Interferometer Gravitational-waves Observatory” and Virgo Detector.
University of Florida’s Physicist professor, Imre Bartos, says that when two black holes come close to each other, then it is possible that together they give birth to a new black hole and the volume of the new black hole will be higher than the volume of both the black holes. This fusion can be understood with the help of two water droplets, just as two droplets merge to form a large droplet of water, similarly, two Black holes merge to form a large Black hole.
What will happen when two Black holes come close to each other?
When two Black holes come close to each other, they emit a high amount of gravitational waves. This event radiates some pure energy of their mass as gravitational waves.
The fundamental physics mission scientist Oliver Genrish states that the belief that two black holes merged is not the end of the story.
The story of the collision of the black holes begins when two stars start orbiting each other during their orbit, the two stars turn into a black hole when all their fuel is exhausted and the remaining matter collapses.
Goes on, but still, the two black holes continue to orbit each other, their distance from the orbiter gradually becomes smaller Because both the Black holes slowly starts losing energy.
As both the Black holes come closer, huge amounts of emitting gravitational waves go on and one day it comes when both the Black holes merge to form a new Black hole.
The mass of the newly formed black hole is slightly less than the mass of both the Black holes. This is because half of the mass emits in the form of Gravitational Waves, but its remaining mass can be a million times more than the mass of our Sun.
Do we have any danger when two black holes collide?
The collision of the two Black holes is a very big event in the Universe that releases a huge amount of energy. The Gravitational Waves in this event can change the distance between the Earth and the Sun forever and if this happens, it will also have an impact on the fauna of the Earth.
About the black hole collision, Germany’s Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Study Theoretical Physicist Sabine Hossenfelder says that Black holes are spherical, so when two Black holes merge and give rise to a large black hole, then after some time the merge occurs the Black hole can become turbulent, after which it will settle down and take a stable form, this process is named as “Ring Down”.
When two Black holes merge in Space, Ring-Down produces Gravitational waves signal. These Gravitational Waves signal not only give us information about the collision of the Black holes but also help us to understand how space-Time works in extreme situations.
Theoretical Astrophysicist Gelean Belvoir of [QBCC] Queens Borough Community College says that the creation of a new black hole changes its velocity as well.
White holes:-
Earlier we have learned about the Black holes which swallow everything coming towards it and we do not know what happens to the objects which were swallowed by the Black hole. After all, what are these white holes?
As you know that Black holes are the objects in which we can go inside but can never come back if it talks about White holes it works totally opposite to a Black hole, The interesting thing about the White holes is that they throw things from inside, but do not let them come back in, So far they only settle in the equations of Mathematics and in our imaginations this means that we have not found any evidence of their presence in the Universe yet, Physicists believe that there is no evidence of White holes in the Universe because they break the second law of “Thermodynamics”. Now you must be wondering what is the second law of “Thermodynamics” If I say in simple language, it would say that the Entropy of an Isolated system will be either increase or remain constant but it will never decrease now the next question may be arising in your mind what is this Entropy? And how do we know whether it is increasing or decreasing?
Example:- Suppose you have a glass of water, it is easy for you to keep it here and there because it is in ordered form, Now suppose that it falls on the ground and breaks, in this case, you have many pieces of the same glass which is little harder for you to keep it here and there So what happened now, one entire glass was split into several pieces, that is, now you have more pieces than before this is called the growth of Entropy. Now let us see how the second law of “Thermo Dynamics” is being implemented here, when you drop the glass down, it will always be broken that is, his Entropy will always increase it will never happen that those pieces of broken glass make back the glass of glass itself i.e. Entropy will never decrease if viewed from the context of the Universe, then everything will grow towards its end, never towards birth. Black holes exist because they follow this law, but if talk about white holes, they throw objects towards their outside, which means, they give rise to the new objects, which decrease Entropy and also breaks the second law of Thermodynamics, so Physicists believe that it is impossible for them to exist, even if they exist then it will be only a few seconds because they will unstable. Now you must be thinking that, when there is no evidence of the white holes in the Universe, then why are physicists researching it?
Actually, the physicists researching the White holes because the white holes are the solution to Einstein’s
“E = mc2 “
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Equation. According to the E = mc2 and Newtonian Physics, if time can go forward, it can also come backward, in such a way, we can see the White holes as the Black holes going back in time. According to Stephen Hawkins, white holes can exist in the Universe, let’s know that if white holes exist then how they formed?
According to Newton and Einstein’s theories “Matter can never be created nor destroyed” it only changes its appearance. If we considered Black holes as a closed room in which the objects are closed, then everything will be fine because the matter will be safe there, but Stephen Hawking gave the theory of Hawking’s Radiation according to which Black holes do not always exist in the Universe, he said that according to the second law of Thermodynamic, Black holes keep leaving Radiation due to which their energy is reducing continuously and there comes a time when their existence also ends and they fly away with steam, but the problem here is that when they die, what happens to the objects that were swallowed by the Black hole, is they completely destroy?
No, according to the second law of Thermodynamic matter cannot be created nor destroyed, that’s why physicists believe that the Black holes turn into white holes in their end time and remove all the objects which were swallowed by the Black hole.
If this theory is correct then it gives us the answer to a more complex question, that question is how the Big Bang explosion happened and how could this entire Universe have been constructed from a point smaller than a dust particle, maybe the Big Bang would be a white hole another interesting thing is that the original Universe is bigger than our present-day Universe and it is possible that we are living in a black hole.
Stephen Hawking believes that Black holes and White holes are interlinked with each other and both together form a portal which we also call the Wormhole.
Before 2006, the white holes settle only in our imagination But on 14 June 2006, NASA’s satellite recorded a Gama Ray explosion which scientists had not understood It was named “GRB0601614”. This explosion does not match any normal phenomenon to our knowledge where the explosion of an ordinary Gama Rays is only a few seconds but the time of this explosion was 102 seconds and it was several trillion times more powerful than our sun. It was no doubt that it was a Super Nova explosion, but physicists were surprised to know that it was built from a very small point. This explosion is completely over after 102 seconds, all these properties are perfectly matched with the properties of the White holes maybe we have seen a White hole in existence.
What will happen if our Moon becomes a Black hole?
The Moon is the only Natural Satellite of the Earth, situated at a distance of about 238, 855 miles away from the Earth, the Moon has formed nearly 4.5 billion years ago and has been revolving around the Earth ever since.
We know that the Moon is the only reason for the Tidal effects coming in the sea. In this way, we can understand that the moon is very important for the Earth, but what happens if this moon becomes a Black hole? Do you ever think about this?
. The first thing that will happen after the Moon turns into a black hole is that the visible disc of our Moon will disappear and we will stop seeing the Moon in the night sky. After this, we will never see Lunar Eclipse and Solar Eclipse in the night sky.
.When the Moon turns into a Black hole, the Event horizon of the Moon will be less than 1 millimeter. However, the moon will still orbit the Earth because its mass and distance from the Earth will remain the same But, we will not able to see the moon in the night sky.
.If you were thinking that when the Moon turns into a Black hole it will cause huge damage to the earth because the Tidal effect will disappear, I am telling you nothing will happen like this.
Today the mass of the Moon is 7.34767309 x 10 ^ 22 kilograms and even after changing into a black hole, it will the same, however, its radius will be 1/10 millimeter but it will not have any effect on the Earth.
It is possible that our Moon turns into a Black hole?
It is impossible that our Moon turns into a Black hole because to become a black hole, the mass of the moon must be 10 thousand times larger than the mass of our Sun. So, don’t worry nothing will happen.
Originally published at https://www.space-knowledge.com.
